Ovarian cysts are common fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside the ovaries, affecting women across different life stages. While often benign and asymptomatic, they can cause discomfort and complications.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
Symptoms vary widely and may include:
- Pelvic pain: Dull or sharp discomfort typically felt on one side.
- Bloating: Feeling of fullness or pressure in the abdomen.
- Abdominal swelling: Noticeable enlargement or heaviness due to larger cysts.
- Pain during bowel movements: Especially if cysts press on nearby organs.
- Painful intercourse: Particularly if cysts cause pelvic discomfort.
- Irregular periods: Changes in menstrual cycle length or flow.
- Breast tenderness: Similar to premenstrual symptoms.
Some cysts may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during routine exams.
Causes of Ovarian Cysts
Cysts develop due to various reasons:
- Hormonal imbalances: Fluctuations during menstrual cycles can trigger cyst formation.
- Endometriosis: Growth of uterine lining tissue outside the uterus.
- Pregnancy: Corpus luteum cysts form post-ovulation.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries.
- Pelvic infections: Infections affecting ovaries or fallopian tubes.
- Rarely, ovarian cancer: Some cysts may be linked to tumours.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis involves:
- Physical exams: Including pelvic checks for abnormalities.
- Imaging tests: Ultrasound to visualize cyst size, shape, and location.
- Blood tests: To check hormone levels and rule out conditions.
Treatment varies based on cyst type, size, and symptoms:
- Monitoring: Small, asymptomatic cysts may be observed over time.
- Medication: Hormonal contraceptives to regulate cycles and prevent new cysts.
- Surgery: Removal for large, persistent, or suspicious cysts; procedures range from cystectomy to oophorectomy in severe cases.
Prevention
While not always preventable, managing risks through healthy habits and condition treatments can help:
- Maintain healthy weight and exercise regularly.
- Manage PCOS or endometriosis effectively.
Understanding ovarian cysts, recognizing symptoms, and regular gynaecological visits ensure timely intervention and optimal ovarian health management.
